Auteur: Emmanuel Bigler
Date: 07-07-2006 16:41
BOKEH : Voici un petit texte en anglais de M. Todd Belcher qui a livré son explication sur l'origine du mot bokeh sur la liste de discussion Rollei.
En résumé, bokeh viendrait selon M. Belcher du mot japonais bokashi qui veut dire gradation et qui se réfère dans l'histoire de l'art japonais à la capacité d'une gravure sur bois à rendre de belles gradations, grâce à l'habileté de l'artisan graveur.
Une définition possible du bokeh photographique serait donc la capacité d'une optique à rendre une belle transition, une belle gradation de netteté entre les parties « au point » de l'image photographique et et les parties floues.
Je cite le groupe de discussion Rollei :
Define the term 'Bokeh', a FAQ on all photographic discussion groups !!
"The shape of the out of focus area of a photo." (Peter Kotsinadelis)
Todd Belcher argues and explains the Japanese origin for this word:
(RUG, January 2004)
"I don't think that's the definition of Bokeh, Peter. Though that is
definitely an aspect of Bokeh. I think a definition of Bokeh would be
more along the lines of: the ability of a lens to render gradations. It
is considered good Bokeh when the gradations are smooth and poor Bokeh
when the gradations are harsh to the eye. The Harshness can be caused
by, as you say, out of round apertures, but can also be caused by the
lens itself. Symptoms of the latter are hard gradations and double
image out of focus areas.
Bokeh was coined by the Japanese and comes from the Japanese word for
gradation: 'bokashi'. The Japanese have, for many centuries, been
concerned with gradations in art, thus, it was not a big step to
consider it's implications in photography....
...
It is indeed related to Ukioye, Japanese woodblock printing, where
gradations were difficult to produce. The pressing of each sheet to
the woodblock had to have the ink wiped on to the woodblock 'just so'
to attain a nice gradation. In some areas, such as the face of a
character, very small areas may have had gradations and these required
a highly skilled printer to apply with consistency. The Japanese
prized the skill with which these gradations were made and effect they
had on the final image. these gradations made an appearance in
Japanese woodblock prints towards the end of the 1700s and early
1800s. --Todd Belcher"
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